Nursing The Protection, Promotion, And Optimization Of...

Registered Nursing Nursing can be defined as the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities. Nurses are more commonly known for the prevention of illness and injury, relief from suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response. But imagine what this world would be like if nurses were not known for that instead they were just random women who one day decided to be nurses. At one time nursing was like that, but as time went on nursing changed for the better and became what it is today. Before there was nursing as there was today, most nursing took place in most peoples homes. Friends, Families, and neighbors who had knowledge in healing practices had the responsibility of taking care of the sick very rarely did those outside this group provide care. But beginning in the nineteenth century all that changed, Hospitals grew to care for people who could not do so for themselves. The more hospitals the more the need for caregivers did. These early nineteenth century hospitals were generally built-in populated areas such as cities. But the more these hospitals the more the need for good nursing care became clear. So in 1768, Valentine Seaman created one of the earliest lectures for nurses who cared for maternity patients. Since then nurses have been trained to give better care to their patients. For Example, Dr. Joseph Warrington authored a book entitled The Nurse s Guide Containing a Series of Instruction to Females who wish to Engage inShow MoreRelatedNursing, The Pro tection, Promotion, And Optimization Of Health And Abilities1174 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Nursing definition is, the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations (American Nursing Association). Becoming a nurse is much more than just giving a shot, or cleaning up after patients. All throughout history nursing has been a job that is always in perceived in the backgroundRead MoreNursing Is The Protection, Promotion, And Optimization Of Health Abilities Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Nurses Association defines nursing in this way, â€Å"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individual, families, communities and populations† (ANA,2010,p.10) As a nurse we encompass so many different responsibilities into the daily care of patients. The main reason I chose nursing as a career is because I have a passionRead MoreNursing Is The Protection, Promotion, And Optimization Of Health And Abilities1568 Words   |  7 PagesNursing†¦.A Way of Life Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations (ANA, 2014). To practice nursing, one should be able to provide care that is based on biological, psychological and social sciences that affect the body as a whole. Nursing must be approached with bothRead MoreNursing : The Protection, Promotion, And Optimization Of Health And Abilities1479 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and support in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. Their job is to take care of patients in the best of their abilities, save lives, and make a difference in the world by helping those in need. I chose this topic because I personally find nursing an incredible interestingRead MoreNursing Profession And Label Nurses877 Words   |  4 PagesNursing has a long history of debate over defining the definition of nursing. Much of this debate has been centered on political views that often scrutinize the nursing profession and label nurses as subordinates. Definitions of nursing reflect society’s values and influence and subjected the profession to many misinterpretations. One common misconception was that a nurse was inferior to a physician because they followed orders. It was imperative for nurses to define their image and profession toRead MoreThe American Nurses Association ( Ana )886 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Nursing Caring, compassionate, honest, determined and knowledgeable are just a few words to describe the type of nurse I would like to be. The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines nursing as the â€Å"protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations† (Taylor 8). Nursing has evolvedRead MoreProfessionalism : Professional Boundaries Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessional nursing practice is to define nursing. According to the International Council of Nurses (ICN): Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems managementRead MoreThe Success Of A Nurse926 Words   |  4 Pageseducation, it is the students who determine the future triumph of that particular career. Nursing students are provided with the knowledge, tools, and experience that they need in order to be successful. Ultimately, the patient’s wellness is the central focus of the success of a nurse. The American Nursing Association defines nursing as, â€Å"†¦the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatmentRead MoreHow An a Codes Of Ethics Affect Nursing Practice1084 Words   |  5 PagesCode of Ethics According to the American Nursing Association, â€Å" Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations† (Association, Scope and Standards of Practice, 2010). In the case scenario, a middle aged man is admitted to the hospital because of his bleeding ulcer. He isRead MoreEvidence-Based Practice and Alzheimer’s Disease1312 Words   |  6 PagesEVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE and ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Introduction As defined in 2012 by the American Nurses Association, â€Å"nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. â€Å"To deliver the best optimal treatment

Environmental Scan Paper free essay sample

Organizations use environmental scans so that they are aware of their surroundings, internally and externally, before getting into strategic planning. What environmental scanning is is the â€Å"monitoring, evaluation, and dissemination of information† (Wheelen Hunger, 2010) gathered from the environment inside, as well as outside of the organization. This information is passed to key people within the organization to use strategically and to avoid unwanted surprises; it provides factors that have an influence on the direction and goals of an organization. An analysis of the internal environment of an organization is done to help identify its strengths and weaknesses. It looks at the organizational culture and structure, the interactions between all levels of employees, the operations, resources, and many other factors (Environmental Scanning, 2013). This information can be gathered by observations, discussions, interviews, and surveys; this will provide a variety of sources for determining the present capabilities of the organization. An analysis of the external environment of an organization is done to help identify its opportunities and threats. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Scan Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It looks at natural, societal, and task environments in order to determine changing trends and patterns in order to forecast the future directions and impacts of these changes on the organization. First, Walmart will be analyzed using a SWOT chart. The following is a look at some of its internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as its external opportunities and threats (Walmart Canada, 2013): Strengths †¢Powerful and well-known brand †¢Large expansion, including globally †¢Strong customer base †¢Convenience of broad product line in one location at low prices †¢Unique corporate culture Weaknesses †¢Many part-time employees †¢Market share lower in countries outside the US †¢Questionable quality of products due to low prices †¢Broader focus means a thinner focus Opportunities †¢Further expansion to more countries †¢Improve image in local communities †¢Recessions drive customers to buy lower cost products †¢Continue with green promotion †¢Continue with the super centers Threats †¢Negative image when it puts smaller business out of business in local communities †¢Large competition since Walmart is a leading competitor †¢Economical state of all countries it operates in Unions trying to break their way in Next is to look at the competitive advantages of Walmart. The first and most prominent due to its advertisement of it is the products low cost. Walmart has continuously promoted itself as a place where you will save money. Quite often, this is the factor that draws consumers in, as the prices are better than th e competitors; it has a cost advantage. Another competitive advantage is its variety; Walmart provides wide ranges of products, and has been creating super centers so that consumers have one-stop-shops to go to at low prices.

Spiritual Life Evaluation Essay Sample free essay sample

I was born in Mutare. My female parent was an active church member and she went to the The United Baptist Church in Sakubva Township. So I was raised in a Christian background though my male parent did non travel to church. However even though he did non travel to church. he wanted to see all his kids go to church. Every Sunday we would wake up early to go to Sunday school. Mrs Mlambo who was besides the pastors’s married woman. was our instructor. Sunday school started at 9:00am and I truly enjoyed my Sunday school. Sunday school for me was a clip to see church friends after a long hebdomad of separation. We would read bible poetries and the instructor would explicate these poetries to us. At times we would be required to memorise these poetries as prep. We would sing vocals full of dance and clapping custodies. We will write a custom essay sample on Spiritual Life Evaluation Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the common vocals are: Verse 1 My Bible. my bible and I ( repetition )ChorusOh. what a fantastic hoarded wealth. God gave without step.We are going together. my bible and I.Verse 2My Jesus. my Jesus and I ( repetition ) This went on until I was eleven old ages old when I besides graduated from Sunday school to Junior Youth. As a immature miss. this did non intend much to me and I viewed it as merely a manner of life. At the age of 13 I went for baptism lessons which preceded baptism. We were subsequently to convey white apparels on the twenty-four hours of baptism and we were to have on these white apparels after taking the wet apparels. When it was my bend to be baptized. I meditated the phrases and words said in the baptism discourse. The curate said † I have buried the old Winnie. you are now a new creation† . We all wore white apparels and the church was so thrilled and there was exultation. Each one of us was asked to take a new name since we were now new people and I chose Tsitsi. I kept on reflecting on what had taken topographic point and certainly I felt the new alteration. I was sorry for all the wickednesss I had done before and I cried and groaned. I could experience the love of Jesus who died for me on the cross. The above is the history of how I came to Christ. Everything about me changed. I now had a passion to populate a religious life. I prayed and besides seriously sung vocals of congratulations and worship to the Lord Maturing in Christ. From that religious experience I had passion in reading the Word of God. I followed and neer wanted to lose a discourse. I tried to populate harmonizing to Christian life. For my leisure clip I stopped traveling to the film and I preferred traveling for church activities. My desire was to make voluntary church work. Some of the voluntary work that I did included brushing the floors. cleansing Windowss and other such housework jobs. I besides went for assorted young person conventions and it was ever a pleasance for me. I was married and I was an active church member. My hubby used to come with me even though he was non yet a Born once more Christian. I prayed for him until he had an brush with Jesus Christ besides. In that twelvemonth I saw God. I organized devotedness clip for the household and we would make devotednesss one time every hebdomad. It helped me maturate spiritually. My hubby was subsequently appointed deacon in 2005. I worked with him closely and sometimes I was left to make ministry work while he was off. As a deacons married woman. the Pastor would sometimes inquire me to take the women’s meetings. These experiences made me pray to God for wisdom. The prayer life I was populating made me hold a closer relationship with God which made me mature and finally made me want to larn the religious life hence today I am at Harare Theological College. Hindrances to Growth In 1992 when I joined Bethel Assemblies Church. there were regular women’s family meetings. We met every Wednesday. Pastor Irene Charema. the married woman to my bishop was the 1 who facilitated the women’s meetings and she ever delivered fantastic discourses that uplifted my spirit. The meetings were subsequently re-scheduled from Wednesday to Saturday in a move to suit working adult females. For ground beyond my apprehension. the religious lesson reduced. there was hapless attending and the meetings were no longer consistent as per agenda. This wedged negatively on my religious life as such was a hinderance to my religious growing. I still had a strong ardor and desire to make the past events but it continued to be a thing of the yesteryear. The church is being taken as a concern venture by some church leaders. Church members pay for the curates personal domestic disbursals. They are put on church budget. Expenses include curates food markets. monthly measures. vestur e allowance. auto disbursals and medical measures etc. These can be donated voluntarily by capable members and non to be mandatory. This frustrates uncapable church members and other members will stop up go forthing the church. It was an hinderance to me when I lost some people from the leading squad who used to promote me in hard and good times. Leaderships are excessively busy such that they forego the work of God making their ain concern. On particular one time off occasions like New Year. Easter. Christmas and nuptialss of long functioning member the leaders will be absent. Church members will be so aroused and looking frontward to acquire a good visual aspect from the leaders merely to detect that they did non even come for the event with no proper justification given as to the absence. The terminal consequence is that members lose assurance in their leaders and I am besides one such member who has been affected. It disturbs me because I would wish to see leaders being model. In some cases I will be entirely as leader and the planned dockets will non come out as planned and people will fault the full leading squad. Of class I will be guiltless but no 1 will cognize that. Personally I had a batch of work last twelvemonth. I visited the secret plan during the hebdomad in Marondera and I was unable to come for church plans during the hebdomad and this affected my confidant relationship with God. I missed fellowship clip with my group. that is when I learnt that we are household non a mere group. Due to the above challenges the church becomes dead and it will non turn. Mature religious members will now go forth the church and articulation other churches. The state of affairs affected the staying members and I was among the affected people and it impacted my religious life negatively. Religious Life I made my head non to be moved by physical and religious challenges. My religious life is now stable and firm. I fellowship at Bethel Assemblies Church. Most challenges including those I have discussed above made me a strong Christian. Hindrance taught me to trust on God ever and non work forces. Therefore. I take them as stepping rocks to my success in the ministry instead than faltering blocks. They have really developed me spiritually and I have nil to repent. in fact I point myself blessed. I sometimes organised prayer Sessionss with the young person group and women’s group. I am entrusted with the assets of the church which I keep at my house such as kitchenware. decor fabric and church instruments to advert a few. I besides take bends with the curate and the deacon ( my hubby ) to take different church events. It is my duty to see that the church decor has been done good and on clip. When the curate and his household travel on leave. we are left to make all the ministry work. We have no challenges. alternatively church members appreciate our ministry and leading. We have no church edifice of our ain and we rent. since our subdivision is new and little. On this footing I offer my place as a locale for different church activities. The activities include administrative meetings. church kitchen teas. bachelor’s parties and other events done during the hebdomad. I aspire to be a religious giant hence the passion to larn about religious life. I would love to be an revivalist of the good intelligence to people in future. This I will make to friends. households. communities. continents and worldwide. I will get down by organizing devotedness clip one time a hebdomad with my household. I will subsequently ask for people of all walks in life. my neighbors. my friends and relations. As the group grows I will divide it and open other Centres of family in the community. Further subdivisions of family can be opened once more harmonizing to different similar groups. These will include kids. young person. adult females. work forces. widows. particular people and others. The groups will be taught the rules of religious life and how to obey t hem. I will hold followings who will move as adherents to distribute the good intelligence to the universe.

Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) Essays

Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) Essays Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) Paper Milk Food Coloring Lab Report (Importance of Surfactant) Paper For this experiment, we will be using milk and food coloring to represent the water (milk) and gas (food coloring) in the respiratory system, as seen in the liquid-gas boundary of the alveolar wall (water) and its volume (gas). We will place the milk in a shallow dish so that it completely covers the bottom of the dish. Drops of food coloring are going to be added into the milk at the center of the dish, and then observed. Drops of liquid dishwashing soap, representing surfactant, are then added to the center as well. Once the soap drops are added we will observe what changes happen to the food coloring and milk. Because I know milk is non-polar and food coloring is polar, my hypothesis predicts the two will not mix voluntarily at first, but the soap acting as a surfactant, when added, will help the two liquids mix together. Materials and Methods For this experiment, I used a jazz milk, 4 different color food coloring bottles, liquid hand soap, and a small clear dish with approximately 5 inches in diameter. Placed the dish in a flat steady surface. I then poured the milk making sure the whole bottom of the dish is covered and still remained shallow. Next, I added about four drops of food coloring to the milk at the center of the dish. Lastly, I added about four drops of the liquid hand soap in the same exact place where I had added the food coloring. Results When the food coloring was added into the milk, there was no reaction. The food coloring did not mix into the milk, it just sat there clumped together like oil in a lava lamp. After adding the drops of liquid soap, the food coloring droplets rapidly mixed into the milk by running in every direction. It looked like an explosion of color. The color streaks continuously span slowly in the milk. Discussion As my hypothesis stated, the milk and food coloring did not mix voluntarily because of their polarity. Nan-polar molecules want to bond with other Nan-polar molecules (London dispersion forces) and polar molecules bond with the polar molecules (Dipole-Dipole forces). Think of all the milk molecules acting as very powerful magnets between each other, and the same with the water molecules. In this case, the soap -acting as the surfactant- broke the surface tension between the two liquids allowing them to mix together. In other words, it reduced the magnetic attraction between them. As we stated, the milk molecules are non-polar and the food coloring molecules are polar. Soap is one of the awesome liquids that is both polar and non-polar. Its molecules have a polar head, which attracts other polar molecules, and a non-polar body, which attracts other Nan-polar molecules. When the liquid soap molecules were added to the solution, they attracted both the milk and food coloring molecules causing them to mix like they did. In the alveoli, the gas is non-polar and the water in the walls of the alveoli is polar. Surface tension in the alveoli is very high because of the liquid/gas boundary. This surface tension draws the liquid molecules closer together and reduces their contact with the gas molecules; this way the alveoli do not collapse. The water in the walls of the alveoli help the alveolar walls come together during exhalation (when the oxygen leaves the alveoli), so that they stick together and allow the alveoli to reach their smallest size. The surfactant that is secreted aids the walls to be able to come together, but not with the attraction of their potential because its too strong. If they came together with their normal attraction, the walls would stick together and their strong surface tension would not allow them to unstuck. A collapsed alveolar will have to be completely re- inflated during each inspiration, which takes a lot of energy to do. With the surfactant, during inhalation the incoming gas is able to split the walls open because their attraction is not as strong. This way, the walls are able to come apart easier and make more space for the oxygen that fills up the alveoli. If our alveolar cells did not produce surfactant whatsoever, breathing would be very hard. Each inhalation would not have the easy flow it has now; it would take a lot of energy and not to mention be tougher. Conclusion Just like the water and gas in our lungs, the milk and food coloring would not have been able to mix. Both the liquid soap and the surfactant reduce the genetic force that unites liquid molecules- in this case allowing milk and food coloring to mix.

Statement by the President on Cuba Policy Changes Essay

Statement by the President on Cuba Policy Changes - Essay Example This rhetoric began a speech that not only asked me to re-examine what I know about the history of America and Cuba as allies and foes but also changed the way that I now view the historical lessons taught to me. This particular speech was highly effective because of Pres. Obama did not only use the story of other people to support his claims of the need to change the American policy pertaining to Cuba, but he used historical analysis and evidence to help support his claims. Evidence that gave credibility to his claims and offered a chance for the American people to make up their own minds regarding the logic or mistakes that lifting the embargo might bring about. By clearly explaining the history of the embargo and its  effectiveness as an international policy, we, the listeners, came to better understand the logic and practicality of his reasons for lifting the ban. In the end, Pres. Obama left the stage having convinced a number of listeners and leaving some to ponder the direct ion that his new Cuban policy might lead the United States into.   

Womens rights and how women got them what they went through to get Research Paper

Womens rights and how women got them what they went through to get them - Research Paper Example In general, it absorbs a critique of gender discrimination; more particularly, it contains the encouragement of women's interests and welfare (Duggan, 1979). It can be said that the first wave of feminism started in the early 1848 and it lasted till the 1960s after which the women started getting their rights. However some argue that the movement ended in the 1920s as the constitution to allow women to vote was passed in this very year.. This essay would further prove this claim by giving an overview about the first wave of feminism in the United States and its drawbacks (William 1969) Women have been treated as inferior to the men in every segment of this world until they fight for their rights to be served as equal to the men. The first wave of feminism started in 1868 and lasted till the 1960s in the United States (William 1969). The main aim of this feminist movement was to retain the rights of women in the country. Before the first wave of feminism took place the condition of wo men in the United States was miserable. The women were not allowed to vote and had no shares when it came to property rights. Wives did not have any rights when it came to justice over their husbands as they were not allowed to file any petition in case of any harshness.... f the first feminist movement proved quite successful in achieving their objectives but on the other hand they were not successful enough to provide all the necessary rights to women living in the United States and thus other similar movements had to come into play so that these rights were also achieved for the women. It basically revolved around the issues of seeing women as sexual objects, their individual identity, their right to vote, the issues which they faced in their work places and healthcare. The first wave was brought about by different groups which were then known by different names such as the Abolitionist groups and the Women Rights Organizations (Clarke 1974). The women in the first wave demanded moral equality to the levels of a man. The most important issue which the feminists pursued was to achieve individual status for women living in the United States. In other words they wanted a woman to represent the community of women living in the county. In order to pursue all these rights the women set out with different conventions and marches so that their demands could be accepted by the government. In 1848 the famous ‘Declaration of Sentiments’ was announced which became the basic principle of the movement which was going on in the United States. Similarly this was followed by the formation of different organizations which worked towards achieving the rights which the women were previously deprived of. Following this the organizations in achieving rights for women seemed successful as the women were provided with rights to property ownership and child custody. They also provided workplace laws which helped to women to participate more in the working sector. In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment to the constitution of United States took place and this gave

Persuasive effect Essay Example for Free

Persuasive effect Essay How is the writing persuasive? Work through the article commenting on how the choice of words, the style of the writing and the way the information is presented work together to create this persuasive effect. Several techniques are used in the writing to persuade us, to her side of the argument. The first one we meet is the large, bold title of ZOOOOOOH! Tthis is attention grabbing and the linguistic cleverness combines the subject of the article, zoo and the idiotic reactions of the visitors, i. e. Ooooooh. The title has a subtle meaning; it has in it the mindless, moronic reactions of the visitors on seeing the animals, and the graphic design cleverly manipulates our thoughts on the critical comments on zoos. Also there are a line of animal pictures on the bottom of the page, this is to create a sense of realism through illustrations. The sub-heading is in bold as well though it is not as large as the title, this play on words is reflected by the way that she combines her anecdote with an inverted situation, Tess Lemmon watches people watching animals. The effect of that being that it is a play on words with an element of graphic design and it makes us want to read the article and it subtly introduce the idea that she is analysing the reactions of the people, as if in a scientific way. The quotes in bold below the sub-heading are for entertainment, she deliberately takes the most inane comments from the people that she watches and let them argue the case for her, this is called Aunt Sally she has quoted the opposition and has reiterated the quotes for her own needs, the entertainment is in fact a secondary purpose to the real purpose of summing up the attitudes to the animals that the visitors feel in the zoo and shaming them and parodying it. The last quote is the most stupid of them all and has been given its own extra space for its summing up of her views and thoughts on the subject. The first paragraph is devoted nearly entirely to the technique of making short, sharp points, lies on a slab of concrete, stares into space, flicks its tail. People stop, make comments, then go this has the effect of making us think about what the visitors do, because she has summarised what they do in one short paragraph. Exaggeration is also used (which is also called hyperbole), the tiger lies on a slab of concrete, this makes it sounds worse than it is especially as she has generalised the idea of that all the animals lie on a slab of concrete in all zoos while there may be some exceptions, this is bias. This stresses her point of animals in a cell and lying on a slab of concrete without anything to do and living in an unnatural environment, the short sentences also leads us on to the arguments of zoos. She also uses Aunt Sally to a great effect with quoting, a good day out, this makes a point to us of her sarcasm towards the idea of going to the zoo for entertainment and a parodying subject. She uses colloquial language, But hang on a minute running aroundin our backyards, this is used to convey ideas to the reader through an easier way, the effect is, that of an friend having an conversation with you, it is used to put us at ease to seem that she can be trusted, and the language involves everyone, especially using the possessive adjective our and Were this effect in context with colloquial language is that the piece becomes avuncular and inclusive and it invites us to contribute, this makes the writer identify herself with the readers, this encourages the readers to agree with her view and to make us sympathetic to her views. She also uses a rhetorical question, Whatever is in this day and age? to lead on to her arguments, this question makes us feel involved, as it seems as if she cares about our own opinions, it also adds emphasis and stresses the point that we can not allow an animal in a cage, they have the same effect as the use of directives-they make you think that the writer is talking to you personally. The exaggerated tone of the question makes us think about the point of the question and agree with her. This paragraph has a certain amount of sarcasm and Aunt Sally in it, the exaggeration in, the tiger is living it up like nobodys business. Makes the zoo director sound bad, and the section of, saved from having to earn it doesnt even have to walk anywhere. In it one can detect the sarcasm of her writing, on quoting the zoo director. The quote in itself makes the animals sounds quite like prisoners really, with their meals handed to it on a plate, and it doesnt even have to walk anywhere, the effect of that compared with the fact she hints to us about the, zoo directors office is that of the zoos using the animals as exhibits to make themselves rich. Also the tone of, with his tongue only half way in his cheek, brings out the bad habits of the person that she has interviewed the effect of that is to present to us negative opinion of him and also the sentence has a literal meaning as well, of not meaning what you say so that the effect is she doesnt want us to take his views seriously. Also an Aunt Sally was used in describing the zoos as an, Welfare state, this suggests to us that she does not agree with the views of the zoo director and it is an irony that the zoos are described as an, welfare state. Another Aunt Sally is used to great effect in describing her feelings to the reasons trotted out by the zoo whenever their existence is challenged. Also the words in quotations, an ambassador for the wild is there because it reinforces her opinions of zoos and their well-used phrases, as she doesnt believe them. She uses her title of, as an anthropologist This gives credibility to her article and research as we think she would give an unbiased opinion, but in fact this is a trick so that we think she is not biased, but rather using the title, she hides herself and still, gives us the biased opinions under the pretence of being a scientist, having spent hours She repeats herself once more as she says, watching people watching animals, this merely emphasis the point that her subject is on humans and repeating the point in the sub-headings, this is also an anecdote so that we believe in her because she has experience. She then goes on to say her conclusions after giving us her title of an anthropologist and make her sound more reliable, she goes on to say about her opinions of zoos, it is almost a directive/imperative language as she says, no zoo can fulfil no zoo can bring about presents a distorted picture this almost commands us to believe in her research and her conclusion. Also another important is the use of 3 words grouped together, good, bad, best in the world the good, bad, best, bit emphasises the point, it somehow strengthens and stresses the point she is making. Another good persuasive trick used by her is to mingle fact with opinion and make it sound all like fact, in this next paragraph we see her doing just that, many of the main European zoos were founded at the beginning of the last century this is all fact and now she astutely and subtly adds her opinions on that, hand in hand with the spirit of adventure conquest and acquisition it is no coincidence that the zoo as we know it sprang up in the colonial era this makes us understand the real reasons for displaying the animals while it is still only her opinion. This affects us on whether we believe and trust the text, she gives a lot of facts but she has hidden her opinions in the form of fact among the facts, so we would tend to believe her, she uses opinions based on facts while giving facts as examples to illustrate her point. To further the readability of her article, colloquial language is used to simplify the language barrier between the grammatically correct English and her colloquialism so that it is easier to read and to digest the information, these days gawp a rhetorical question is used, so what do the zoos do? this is colloquial language with rhetorical question working at the same time. The answer has sarcasm built in, she hypes what the zoos say they do, serious scientific research total commitment to conservation vital role as educators then she dashes it all to pieces with 2 sharp points, they go to see the animals-and to be entertained. The effect of that is to drag down the zoos lofty ideals so that she can now put her argument to use with the subject now, of why we need zoos, this is divide and conqueror, she uses a linked process of arguments and then one by one she moves on to another stage and to convince us in the end to her beliefs. Another rhetorical question, Just what do people see when they look at an animal in a zoo? this time it is all in a paragraph of its own, this is so, so that we would have time to reflect on the question before she goes on to one of her main arguments. We then see the use of inclusive language, were most of us we tell us this language includes us and therefore more closer to the authors thoughts and we would believe it more as the argument appeals to us as the reader. In the next paragraph, we see emotive language been used, harmful stripped torn away reduced it to be an object to be observed, the emotive language used appeals to our heartstrings and it arouses strong feelings within us, to do something to stop the suffering.